I finally got her done.
The fuel line is on with a twisted wire, instead of a clamp, so I didn't want to tackle that. The rear rack was attached to the gas tank bolts, so that needed removing. The rear rack was also attached to the bolts that held on the taillight, so that had to come off. The wiring for the taillights went through a hole in the rack, so that all had to come undone.
Once that was all done, and the seat was all off, I was able to pull up the tank.
I didn't find the nut, but I bought a new one and a lock washer. Now my pickelhaube is back in place and the seat locks again.
The taillight has three mounting bolts, and each one had different hardware - one was even standard, so while I had it all apart I replaced all the hardware there.
All in all it went easy. I don't have much in the way of mechanical experience, but each of these little projects provides me with an increasing skill set. Once I have a good base of experience I hope to completely disassemble and paint the thing.